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Illustrated Articles

Small Mammals

  • Furosemide is given by mouth or injection and is used on and off label to treat many conditions, including congestive heart failure and fluid retention. Common side effects include increased urination, diarrhea, or constipation. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it or in those that are unable to make urine.

  • Ferrets can be affected by a variety of conditions causing problems with the stomach and intestinal tract. Certain bacteria may cause diarrhea or gastritis. Intestinal foreign bodies often cause a complete blockage of the intestinal tract. Some conditions may be treated with medication while others require surgical intervention.

  • Ferrets are naturally curious animals, and it is common for them to chew and swallow foreign material, which cdan cause gastrointestinal (GI) upset or obstruction. Typical swallowed objects include rubber bands, bits of rubber toy, foam, remote control buttons and other similar items. Hairballs are another potential cause of GI obstruction. Hairballs (trichobezoars) are compacted wads of fur, which may develop over time as a ferret grooms adn swallows fur. Unlike cats, ferrets seldom vomit up hairballs, adn the compacted fur may ause gastrointestinal (GI) upset or obstruction.

  • Gastrointestinal stasis (Ileus) is a potentially dangerous condition in rabbits, where muscular contractions of the stomach and/or intestines are reduced, and normal bacteria in the digestive tract become out of balance. Rabbits can quickly become lethargic, may exhibit signs of pain such as teeth grinding and a hunched up posture, adn begin to produce excessive gas, adn sometimes soft stool or diarrhea. Left untreated, severe cases of gastrointestinal stasis can be fatal.

  • Rabbits that are not eating may have developed gastrointestinal (GI) stasis. GI stasis may be caused by a physiologic change in bacteria or by one of several other conditions such as E. cuniculi. Supportive treatment either in or out of the hospital will be prescribed for a rabbit with GI stasis. Prevention steps are discussed. Have your rabbit checked regularly by a veterinarian who can monitor for the occurrence of other underlying diseases that may contribute to the development of GI stasis.

  • There are multiple methods of inheritance that determine which characteristics (or phenotypes) are displayed by the offspring, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sex-linked inheritance. There are also many polygenic traits (i.e., associated with multiple genes) as well as environmental factors that make it much more complicated to predict disease or the likelihood of passing disease onto offspring.

  • Medicating or giving oral liquids to small mammals requires some basic guidance. Syringe-feeding rabbits, guinea pigs, and other small rodents may require you to wrap your pet in a "burrito". Knowing the proper location in the mouth to introduce the syringe will be essential to success. Having the right size syringes and the right amount of liquid for your pet is very important.

  • Griseofulvin is given by mouth and is used on and off label to treat skin, hair, and nail fungal infections. Give as directed by your veterinarian. Common side effects include lack of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it, pregnant pets, breeding males, pets that have severe liver disease, or in cats with FIV or FeLV. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.

  • Dental disease is a common problem in guinea pigs, adn can affect both the incisors and the premolars/molars caoomonly called cheek teeth. Several types of dental problems affect guinea pigs (GPs) and can include incisor and chhek teeth fractures, overgrown teeth, sharp dental spurs, infected tooth roots and dental abcesses. Unlike dogs and cats, GPs do not ahve a problem with tartar accumulation or cavities.

  • Guinea pigs can be hardy and easy to care for when provided an appropriate environment for their unique needs. Like all animals, guinea pigs are susceptible to certain problems and diseases. This handout outlines the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for some of the more common health problems of guinea pigs.